01 Insertion loss
The insertion loss of optical fiber splitter refers to the DB loss of each output relative to the input light. Generally speaking, the smaller the insertion loss, the better.
02 Spectral ratio
The splitting ratio is defined as the ratio of output power of each input port of the optical fiber splitter. Generally, the splitting ratio of PLC optical splitter is evenly distributed, and the splitting ratio of fused taper optical splitter can be divided unevenly. The specific ratio setting of the spectral ratio is related to the wavelength of the transmitted light. For example, when an optical shunt transmits 1.31 micron light, the split ratio of two output terminals is 50:50; When transmitting 1.5um of light, it becomes 70:30 (the reason for this is that the optical fiber splitter has a certain bandwidth, that is, the bandwidth of the lock transmission optical signal when the splitting ratio is basically unchanged).
03 Return loss
Return loss, also known as reflection loss, refers to the power loss of optical signals returned or reflected by discontinuities in optical fibers or transmission lines. The greater the callback loss, the better, so as to reduce the impact of reflected light on the light source and system.
In addition, uniformity, directivity and PDL polarization loss are also parameters that affect the performance of optical splitter. Optical fiber splitter is one of the most important passive devices in optical fiber links, especially suitable for connecting MDF and terminal devices to distribute optical signals in passive optical networks (EPON, gon, BPON, FTTx, FTTH, etc.).
04 Isolation
Isolation refers to the ability of a certain optical path of the optical fiber splitter to isolate the optical signals of other katydids. Among the above indicators, the isolation degree is more important for optical splitter. In the actual system application, the wanwang official website needs the isolation degree to reach more than 40dB, otherwise the performance of the whole system will be affected.
05 Additional loss
The additional loss is defined as the number of DB of the total optical power of all output ports relative to the input optical power loss. It is worth mentioning that for optical fiber couplers, the additional loss is an index that reflects the quality of the device manufacturing process, and reflects the inherent loss of the device manufacturing process. The smaller the loss, the better. It is an assessment index for the quality of the manufacturing process. The insertion loss represents the output power status of each output port, which not only has the factor of fixed loss, but also considers the influence of spectral ratio. Therefore, before different optical fiber couplers, the difference of sink loss can not reflect the quality of fabrication. The additional losses of 1*n single-mode standard optical splitter are shown in the table below:
| Split ratio | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 16 |
| Additional loss（dB） | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.45 | 0.5 | 0.55 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.2 |
06 Stability
The stability of the optical splitter is also an important indicator. The so-called stability refers to that when the external temperature changes and the working state changes in other periods, the light splitting ratio and other indicators of the optical splitter should basically remain unchanged. In fact, the stability of the optical splitter completely depends on the process level of the manufacturer. The quality of different products and collectors' products varies greatly. In practical application, I do encounter many low-quality optical splitters, which not only degrade the performance index quickly, but also have a high damage rate. As an important component of the optical fiber trunk line, we must pay attention to the purchase. We can't just look at the price. The optical splitters with low technology level must be very cheap.
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